Brain organoid, also known as a cerebral organoid, refers to an artificial miniature organ that resembles the brain in vitro. In general, brain organoids are generated from pluripotent stem cells using a three-dimensional rotational bioreactor. The human brain is an extremely complex system that contains a variety of neuron types. In this case, human brain study, especially neurodegenerative diseases, becomes extremely difficult. Compared with rodent animal models, brain organoids present more advanced cell composition, maturation, and tissue architecture, which are closer to the human brain. In summary, brain organoids play important roles in neurological research and disease modeling.
